Tacrolimus is a macrolide immunosuppressant that has been demonstrated to inhibit T-lymphocyte activation without the side-effects of corticosteroids. The safety profile of tacrolimus makes it a promising therapeutic option for dermatitis. To evaluate and compare the therapeutic ability of tacrolimus 0.1% ointment and mometasone furoate 0.1% ointment in patients with chronic hand eczema and positive patch tests. Thirty adults with chronic hand eczema and positive patch test reaction to relevant contact allergens were treated with tacrolimus 0.1% ointment or mometasone furoate 0.1% ointment in a single-centre, randomized comparative study. The scores of the evaluated clinical parameters (erythema, infiltration, vesiculation, desquamation, presence of cracks and itching) did not differ between Groups A and B at any of the four time points (p>0.05).On the other hand, in both groups, a significant difference was detected in all parameters between baseline and Day 90 recorded values. Tacrolimus is a promising alternative therapy for contact dermatitis patients as it is effective from the first month of treatment, well tolerated and offers similar therapeutic results to topical corticosteroid therapy.
Crack topocal 2012
Unless your healthcare provider tells you otherwise, never apply topical corticosteroids to the eyelids or under the eyes. Topical steroids should never be used internally or applied to cracked, bleeding, or infected skin.
Castela E, Archier E, Devaux S. Topical corticosteroids in plaque psoriasis: a systematic review of efficacy and treatment modalities. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2012;26:36-46. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04522.x
Channel Orange (stylized as channel ORANGE) is the debut studio album by American R&B singer-songwriter Frank Ocean. It was released on July 10, 2012, by Def Jam Recordings. After releasing his mixtape Nostalgia, Ultra the previous year, Ocean began writing new songs with Malay, a producer and songwriter who then assisted him with recording Channel Orange at EastWest Studios in Hollywood. Rather than rely on samples as he had with his mixtape, Ocean wanted to approach sound and song structure differently on the album. Other producers who worked on the album included Om'Mas Keith and Pharrell Williams. Its recording also featured guest appearances from Odd Future rappers Earl Sweatshirt and Tyler, the Creator, vocalist/songwriter André 3000, and guitarist John Mayer.
To prevent Channel Orange from leaking onto the Internet, Ocean and Def Jam released the album digitally one week earlier than its publicly announced date. It was promoted with five singles, including Ocean's highest charting single "Thinkin Bout You" (number 32 on the US Billboard Hot 100) and a supporting concert tour in July 2012. Channel Orange debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 and sold 131,000 copies in its first week, eventually selling 621,000 copies in the US by September 2014. Critically, it was the best-reviewed album of 2012 and the year's top-ranked album in numerous critics' lists, including the American Pazz & Jop and the British HMV Poll of Polls. At the 2013 Grammy Awards, Channel Orange was nominated for Album of the Year and won Best Urban Contemporary Album. Since then, it has featured in several professional lists ranking the best albums from the 2010s as well as all time.
Frustrated with Def Jam Recordings' inactivity in his recording career, Frank Ocean released his debut mixtape Nostalgia, Ultra online for free in February 2011.[1] It showcased the singer's original tracks, repurposed songs by other recording acts,[2] and featured musical and lyrical elements unconventional in R&B.[3] Although it lacked conventional promotion, the mixtape attained a following among listeners and received critical acclaim.[1] Ocean and Def Jam eventually mended their relationship,[1] and while a planned contracted edition of Nostalgia, Ultra never materialized, the label released two of its songs as singles, including the Billboard charting "Novacane".[4] An agreement was then reached to release a tentative follow-up album for 2012.[1]
In June 2012,[4] news outlets and music journalists from pre-release listening events for Channel Orange raised questions about certain songs' lyrics and Ocean's sexuality.[11][12] The lyrics addressed a male object of love and deviated from the heterosexual perspective of his past songs.[11] Scrapping his original plan of including it in the album's liner notes,[13] Ocean published a TextEdit file as an open letter through his Tumblr blog on July 4.[14] Originally written in December 2011, it recounted his unrequited feelings for a man when he was 19 years old, citing the experience as his first love.[14] Ocean's disclosure was received with support from Def Jam and praise from other recording artists and cultural commentators.[11] He also remarked on writing Channel Orange after years of emotional struggle with the experience, stating in the letter, "I wrote to keep myself busy and sane. I wanted to create worlds that were rosier than mine. I tried to channel overwhelming emotions."[14]
In the wake of Nostalgia, Ultra, other artists took interest in Ocean and contacted him about working together, leading to collaborations on Channel Orange.[5] He previewed songs at different stages of completion to get feedback from guest artists, some of whom he cited as his "creative heroes",[13] including record producer Pharrell Williams,[5] who co-wrote and co-produced "Sweet Life" with Ocean.[23] Ocean and Malay previewed songs to rock musician John Mayer, which inspired his guitar playing for both "Pyramids" and "White".[5] For the latter track, they used the instrumental of the song of the same name from Odd Future's 2012 album The OF Tape Vol. 2, recorded atmospheric instrumentation by Mayer and other musicians, and tracked it to the original instrumental.[5]
"Sweet Life" and "Super Rich Kids" depict decadent,[35] alluring rich people,[10] and are tied together by "Not Just Money", a spoken interlude with a woman discussing the importance of money on happiness.[3] "Super Rich Kids" references the thumping piano line of Elton John's 1973 song "Bennie and the Jets" and addresses young, wealthy characters' ennui and fears of the financial crisis with dry humor.[36][60] "Pilot Jones" employs magic realism and escapist imagery,[6] and depicts an emotional dependency between drug addicts, who confuse friendship with sexual love in their support of each other.[61] The swooning song contains hazy electronic blips,[3][4] impressionistic textures, experimental beat patterns, refracted sound effects, and vocal improvisation expressing the narrator's "high".[57] "Crack Rock" depicts a crack addict,[36] likens love to the highs and lows of drug use,[50] and broadly addresses corruption, broken homes, gun violence,[3] and government indifference to rising crack-related deaths.[6] It has fleeting multi-tracked harmonies,[39] a non-sequitur chorus,[6] and Ocean's occasionally fractured breathiness conveying an addict's voice.[8]
"Pink Matter" is a bluesy lament with themes of sex and betrayal,[38] as its narrator struggles between pleasure and universal meaning.[3] Its lyrics allude to philosophical conundrums, extraterrestrial life, Japanese manga comics,[38] and cotton candy.[28] The playful "Forrest Gump" likens the titular film character to an adolescent crush,[3] with homoerotic, tongue-in-cheek lyrics,[6] and allusions to scenes in the film.[22] It has a bright, Motown-inspired chorus,[64] a simple rhythmic cadence, gently strummed guitar, wistful vocals, and a perkily whistled coda.[6] The skit "End" depicts an exchange between Ocean and a woman as they make love in the backseat of a car with his 2012 song "Voodoo" playing over the stereo. She says to him, "You're special. I wish you could see what I see", repurposing a line from the 2006 film ATL, and Ocean leaves the car in response, walks home through the rain, and sets his keys down with a sigh.[65] The lighthearted, lovelorn "Golden Girl" has up-tempo synths,[66] gradual fades,[67] and Tyler, The Creator rapping in a low-pitched, demonic voice.[68] It is about a girl that provides salvation and peace of mind for the narrator, who likens her to an island.[69]
In its first week of release, Channel Orange sold 131,000 copies and debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 on July 18, 2012. The majority of its first-week sales were digital copies from iTunes, while approximately 3,000 of the sales were physical copies.[83] Digital copies sold for $2.99 at Amazon were excluded from Nielsen SoundScan's sales data, as Billboard's chart policy disqualified albums sold for less than $3.49 from charting.[84] The album sold 54,000 copies in its second week, excluding discounted copies sold by Amazon.com, which Billboard estimated to be approximately 15,000 copies.[85] Channel Orange also debuted at number two on the British albums chart with first-week sales of 13,000 copies.[86] It was the first album to chart within the top 20 in the United Kingdom solely on digital sales.[87] In Canada, the album debuted at number three on first-week sales of 6,700 copies.[88]
Ocean embarked on a 14-date North American tour in July 2012 supporting the album.[74] Announced on June 8,[98] the tour had sold out by July 9.[99] On its number of shows, Ocean explained that he wanted to provide quality over quantity and said that "it's not about let's do a million things right now. It's about let's just do our best to do the best things right now."[18] Malay joined him as the tour's musical director and said that it would expand on the production of Ocean's previous concerts for Nostalgia, Ultra.[5] Their stage setup featured a guitarist, bassist, drummer, two pianos, and a DJ setup behind television monitor props,[100] which showed ever-changing images.[101] 2ff7e9595c
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